400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760 SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 982669 Determination of the Air Entrainment Characteristics of Automatic Transmission Fluids Using a Dynamic Flow Apparatus Patrick J. Colby, Manoj Tandon and Raymond F. Watts EXXON Chemical Co., PARAMINS Technology Division Reprinted From: Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATF) (SP-1394) International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition San Francisco, California October 19-22, 1998Downloaded from SAE International by Stony Brook Univ, Sunday, August 12, 2018The appearance of this ISSN code at the bottom of this page indicates SAE’s consent that copies of the paper may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay a $7.00 per article copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Operations Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 for copying beyond that permitted by Sec- tions 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. SAE routinely stocks printed papers for a period of three years following date of publication. Direct your orders to SAE Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. Quantity reprint rates can be obtained from the Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. To request permission to reprint a technical paper or permission to use copyrighted SAE publications in other works, contact the SAE Publications Group. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior wri tten permission of the publisher. ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is pu blished in SAE Transactions. For permission to publish this paper in full or in part, contact the SAE Publications Group. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication through SAE should send the manuscript or a 30 0 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. Printed in USAAll SAE papers, standards, and selected books are abstracted and indexed in the Global Mobility DatabaseDownloaded from SAE International by Stony Brook Univ, Sunday, August 12, 20181982669 Determination of the Air Entrainment Characteristics of Automatic Transmission Fluids Using a Dynamic Flow Apparatus Patrick J. Colby, Manoj Tandon and Raymond F. Watts EXXON Chemical Co., PARAMINS Technology Division Copyright © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. ABSTRACT This paper describes the design and construction of a dynamic flow apparatus for the measurement of air entrainment and release characteristics of lubricants, specifically automatic transmission fluids. Data are pro- vided on test method development and correlation with transmission cycling tests. The results obtained using this apparatus and method are compared with those obtained from readily available, and newly developed, foaming and air entrainment tests. The existing tests give an inconsistent picture of fluid foaming and air entrain- ment characteristics. Foaming tests contained in the major ATF service fill specifications have been found incapable of identifying lubricants with poor fluid level control in an automatic transmission cycling test. The newly developed dynamic flow apparatus is capable of correctly ranking the fluid level control of tested lubricants as determined in the transmission cycling test. INTRODUCTION The intimate mixing of air with lubricants under high energy conditions results in t