400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760 SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 981518 High Performance Biodegradable Fluid Requirements for Mobile Hydraulic Systems Kenneth D. Erdman, Gary H. Kling and Dwayne E. Tharp Caterpillar Inc. 1998 Earthmoving Industry Conference and Exposition Peoria, Illinois April 8-9, 1998Downloaded from SAE International by Brought to you by the University of Kansas (Technical reports: 1998 to Present), Sunday, August 26, 2018The appearance of this ISSN code at the bottom of this page indicates SAE’s consent that copies of the paper may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay a $7.00 per article copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Operations Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 for copying beyond that permitted by Sec- tions 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. SAE routinely stocks printed papers for a period of three years following date of publication. Direct your orders to SAE Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. Quantity reprint rates can be obtained from the Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. To request permission to reprint a technical paper or permission to use copyrighted SAE publications in other works, contact the SAE Publications Group. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior wri tten permission of the publisher. ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is pu blished in SAE Transactions. For permission to publish this paper in full or in part, contact the SAE Publications Group. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication through SAE should send the manuscript or a 30 0 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. Printed in USAAll SAE papers, standards, and selected books are abstracted and indexed in the Global Mobility DatabaseDownloaded from SAE International by Brought to you by the University of Kansas (Technical reports: 1998 to Present), Sunday, August 26, 20181981518 High Performance Biodegradable Fluid Requirements for Mobile Hydraulic Systems Kenneth D. Erdman, Gary H. Kling and Dwayne E. Tharp Caterpillar Inc. Copyright © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. ABSTRACT Technical groups worldwide have been actively develop- ing specifications and requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids for mobile applications. These groups have recognized that an industry-wide specification is necessary due to the increase in environmental aware- ness in the agriculture, construction, forestry, and mining industries, and to the increasing number of local regula- tions primarily throughout Europe. Caterpillar has responded to this need by publishing a requirement, Cat- erpillar BF-1, that may be used by Caterpillar dealers, customers, and industry to help select high-performance biodegradable hydraulic fluids. This requirement was written with the input of several organizations that are known to be involved with the development of similar types of specifications and requirements. The list of organizations consulted during this work included the VDMA, UBA, ISO, ASTM, CETOP, and BFPA, as well as several universities world-wide, oil companies, pump manufacturers, and others who are know to have specific interest in the performance and environmental aspects of biodegradable fluids. The Aut