SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 96191 The Effects ofWater onCellulose-Base Frictional Surfaces inAutomati Transmission Clutch Plate Will Williamson and Blame Rhod International Lubricants I Reprinted from Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Lubricar (SP-12 InternationalFallFuels LubricantsMeeting&ExpositionSanAntonio, Texas October14-17,19 400Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA15096-0001 USA Tel(412)776-4841 Fax-(412)776-57 Downloaded from SAE International by University of British Columbia, Saturday, August 18, 2018Theappearance oftheISSN code atthebottom ofthispage indicates SAE's consent thatcopies ofthepaper maybemade forpersonal orinternal useofspecific clients Thisconsent isgiven anthecondition however, thatthecopier paya$700perarticle copy feethrough theCopyright Clearance Center, IncOperations Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923 forcopying beyond thatpermitted bySections 107or108ofUSCopynght Law Thisconsent does notextend toother kinds of copying such ascopying forgeneral distribution, foradvertising orpromotional purposes, forcreating newcollective works, orforresale SAEroutinely stocks printed papers foraperiod ofthree years following dateof publication Direct your orders toSAE Customer Sales andSatisfaction Department Quantity reprint rates canbeobtained from theCustomer Sales andSatisfaction Department Torequest permission toreprint atechnical paper orpermission tousecopyrighted SAE publications inother works contact theSAE Publications Group Nopartofthispublication maybereproduced inanyform, inanelectronic retrieval system orotherwise, without thepriorwritten permission ofthepublisher ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright 1996 Society ofAutomotive Engineers, Inc Positions andopinions advanced inthispaper arethose oftheauthor(s) andnot necessarily those ofSAE Theauthor issolely responsible forthecontent ofthe paper Aprocess isavailable bywhich discussions willbeprinted withthepaper if itispublished inSAE Transactions Forpermission topublish thispaper infullorin part contact theSAE Publications Group Persons wishing tosubmit papers tobeconsidered forpresentation orpublication through SAE should send themanuscript ora300word abstract ofaproposed manuscript to Secretary Engineering Meetings Board,SAE Printed inUSA 96-0049 Downloaded from SAE International by University of British Columbia, Saturday, August 18, 20189619 The Effects ofWater onCellulose-Base Frictional Surfaces inAutomat Transmission Clutch Plate Will Williamson and Blaine Rho International Lubricants Copyright 1996 Society ofAutomotive Engineers Inc ABSTRACT Abench scale apparatus andaccelerated testprotocol were developed toevaluate theeffect ofcontamination ofautomatic transmsission fluidbymg/kg levels ofwater oncellulose factional clutch surfaces Thetesting indicated thatwater added atlevels aslowas600mg/kg migrated tothesurface of untreated paper frictionals andcontributed tolossofthepaper coating anderratic torque transfer properties Treated, "high performance" paper frictional surfaces showed lessphysical damage butthesame torque transfer effects from water contaminated ATF Amechanism ofthewater coating, swelling andweakening thehydrophillic cellulose fibers, with subsequent destruction duetohydrodynamic shear was proposed INTRODUCTION There areanumber ofdeclarations bytransmission and automobile manufacturers that water isdetrimental tothe operationofanautomatictransmission(1,2,3)Neitherthe amount ofwater northemechanism ofdetrimental effect are presented inthetechnical literature Tothatend,thepurpose ofthiswork wastoevaluate the performance otautomatic transmission paper-coated factional surfaces inneatautomatic transmission fluid (ATF) andto compare theperformance with thatofthesame frictional material imthesame ATF adulterated with asmall amount of water Accomplishment ofthisinabench scale testrequired development ofanaccelerated testing method forsampling and evaluating factional materials immersed intestfluids, andan apparatus capable ofvarying andmeasuring thes